Cosmetic composition containing linear alpha-olefin sulfonates, anionic surfactants, and non-ionic and/or amphoteric surfactants, and cosmetic treatment method

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a cosmetic composition comprising:
         one or more linear α-olefin sulfonates,   one or more anionic surfactants present in the composition in an amount ranging from 1% to 20% by weight; and   one or more additional surfactants chosen from amphoteric surfactants and nonionic surfactants,
 
the weight ratio of the amount of linear α-olefin sulfonates to the amount of anionic surfactants being greater than or equal to 1.
       

     The invention also relates to a cosmetic treatment process using said composition, especially a process for caring for and/or cleansing keratin materials.

The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition comprising oneor more linear α-olefin sulfonates, in combination with one or moreadditional anionic surfactants and with one or more additionalsurfactants chosen from amphoteric surfactants and nonionic surfactants;the invention also relates to a cosmetic treatment process using saidcomposition.

Hair has a tendency to lose some of its qualities due to the action offactors especially such as natural regreasing, sweat, the removal ofsquamae, pollution or humidity. The visual appearance and the feel ofthe hair may thus be degraded. Regreasing, for example, makes the hairlank, and the hair then has a tendency to clump together. The hair maybe more difficult to style, and may have an unpleasant greasy sheen orwaxy feel. This is likewise the case for the skin, which has a tendencyto lose some of its qualities due to the action of factors such assweat, the removal of squamae, pollution, the climate and heating. Thevisual appearance may be degraded and thus lead to dull, dried-out skin,and a sensation of discomfort may appear.

It is common practice to use detergent cosmetic compositions such asshampoos or shower gels, based essentially on surfactants, for washingkeratin materials such as the skin and the hair. These compositions aregenerally applied to the keratin materials, which are preferably wet,and the foam generated by massaging or rubbing with the hands or awashing mitt makes it possible, after rinsing with water, to remove thediverse types of soiling initially present on the hair or the skin.These compositions have substantial contents of detergent surfactants,which, in order to allow the formulation of cosmetic compositions withgood washing power which are capable of removing soiling (sebum, sweat,pollution, etc.), squamae or dandruff, must especially give saidcompositions good foaming power. The surfactants that are useful forthis purpose are generally of anionic, nonionic or amphoteric type, andparticularly of anionic type.

The most common cosmetic compositions for washing keratin materialsoften contain anionic surfactants of sulfate type, which are very gooddetergent surfactants, but may prove to be relatively unfriendly to thekeratin materials to be washed, in particular by having a drying effecton said materials, or even a negative impact on the conditioning of thehair or the skin. Specifically, gradually in the course of theapplications, these surfactants may impair the cosmetic properties ofthe hair or the skin, thus leading to the need also to use conditioningagents such as cationic polymers, silicones or non-silicone oils.Sulfate surfactants may also give rise, in the case of certain sensitiveconsumers, to tolerance problems, especially on the skin and/or the eyes(stinging, tautness).

There is thus a need to propose cosmetic compositions, especially ofshampoo or shower gel type, which have good detergent power andespecially good foaming power, while at the same time being as free aspossible of sulfate surfactants. However, cosmetic washing compositionsthat are free of sulfate surfactants must generally comprise largeamounts of other surfactants in order to obtain the desired foamabundance and quality. However, the use of large amounts of thesesurfactants is undesirable, since it increases the cost of thecompositions and may also lead to tolerance problems in the case of themost sensitive consumers.

Thus, there is a real need to provide cosmetic compositions which havesatisfactory foam properties, without the need to use sulfatesurfactants or large amounts of non-sulfate surfactants.

These compositions must also have good detergent or washing properties,and have good tolerance especially with respect to the skin, mucousmembranes, the scalp and the eyes, while at the same time leading togood conditioning of keratin materials.

Finally, to avoid running on application and especially running into theeyes, detergent compositions of shampoo or shower gel type should,preferably, generally have a thickened texture, but without theirthickening giving rise to problems of stability of the composition.

The Applicant has now discovered that a cosmetic composition containinga particular combination of surfactants makes it possible to achieve theobjectives presented above.

One subject of the present invention is thus a cosmetic compositioncomprising:

-   -   (i) one or more linear α-olefin sulfonates,    -   (ii) one or more anionic surfactants other than the compounds        (i), present in the composition in an amount ranging from 1% to        20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition;        and    -   (iii) one or more additional surfactants chosen from amphoteric        surfactants and nonionic surfactants,        the weight ratio of the amount of linear α-olefin sulfonates (i)        to the amount of anionic surfactants (ii) other than the        compounds (i) being greater than or equal to 1 (weight ratio        (i)/(ii)≧1).

The compositions according to the invention allow the production of anabundant foam of very good quality, which is especially creamy, thisproduction being rapid. They especially provide a homogeneous foam whichhas good persistence over time. The foam formed from the compositionaccording to the invention spreads easily and uniformly on keratinmaterials.

The present invention makes it possible to obtain optimum foamingperformance when compared with the amount of non-sulfate surfactantspresent in the composition. Thus, the present invention makes itpossible to formulate compositions which, for a surfactant contentequivalent to that of the compositions of the prior art, have superiorfoaming performance. Above all, the present invention makes it possibleto formulate compositions that may contain smaller amounts ofsurfactants than the compositions of the prior art, while at the sametime having at least equivalent or even superior foaming performance.

In addition, the composition according to the invention has goodcosmetic properties, and especially affords good conditioning of keratinmaterials and especially of the hair, including when they aresensitized.

The composition according to the invention may also have a thickenedtexture, which allows it to be spread on the hair while avoiding runninginto the eyes, for example; it has also been found that the compositionaccording to the invention is particularly stable, even though ofthickened texture.

By implementing the invention, it is thus possible to obtain thickenedfoaming compositions without the need to add thickeners other than salt(for example NaCl), which might harm the stability of said compositionand/or its foaming properties.

Preferably, the composition according to the invention has a viscosity,measured at 25° C. and 1 atm., of between 1 and 20 Pa·s, better stillbetween 3 and 15 Pa·s and most particularly between 4 and 12 Pa·s.

The viscosity is preferably measured using a Haake Mars rheometer incone-plate geometry, with a diameter of 60 mm/1° (titanium). Thetemperature is regulated by a Peltier-effect plane at 25° C., and theshear rate is 200 s⁻¹.

The viscosity may also be measured using a Rheomat 180 machine at 25° C.and 1 atm., with a 3 or 4 spindle, the spin speed being 200 rpm and themeasuring time 10 minutes, the shear rate being 200 s⁻¹.

In the present description, the expression “at least one” is equivalentto the expression “one or more” and can be replaced therewith.

In the present description, the expression “between” is equivalent tothe expression “ranging from” and can be replaced therewith; in theseexpressions, the limits are considered as being included.

(I) Linear α-Olefin Sulfonates (or Linear Alpha-Olefin Sulfonates)

The cosmetic composition according to the invention thus comprises oneor more linear α-olefin sulfonates, preferably comprising 8 to 28 carbonatoms, especially from 10 to 24 carbon atoms, better still from 12 to 20carbon atoms and in particular from 14 to 18 carbon atoms.

Said α-olefin sulfonates are known compounds and are describedespecially in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry or in U.S.Pat. No. 8,211,850. These compounds are generally obtained bysulfonation of long-chain α-olefins.

The linear α-olefin sulfonates according to the invention generallycomprise, in a known manner, a mixture of linear alkene sulfonates,especially of formula (A), optionally as a mixture with linearhydroxyalkane sulfonates, especially of formula (B).

Said linear alkene sulfonates may thus be of formula (A):

R—CH₂—CH═CH—(CH₂)n-SO₃M

in which:

-   -   R is a saturated linear alkyl radical comprising from 4 to 30        carbon atoms, especially from 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or even from        8 to 18 carbon atoms and better still from 10 to 14 carbon        atoms;    -   n is an integer between 0 and 10, preferably between 1 and 4 and        better still n=1;    -   M is a cosmetically acceptable cation, chosen especially from        the ammonium cation, cations derived from alkali metals or        alkaline-earth metals, cations derived from organic amines such        as alkanolamines; preferably those derived from alkali metals;        and especially Na+ or K+.

Preferably, R represents a linear alkyl radical comprising from 8 to 14carbon atoms, especially from 10 to 12 carbon atoms.

Preferably, M is derived from an alkali metal, especially Na+ or K+.

Preferably, the linear alkene sulfonates according to the invention havethe formula:

in which:

-   -   R is a saturated linear alkyl radical comprising from 4 to 20        carbon atoms, especially from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or even from        8 to 14 carbon atoms and better still from 10 to 12 carbon        atoms;    -   M is a cosmetically acceptable cation, chosen especially from        the ammonium cation, cations derived from alkali metals or        alkaline-earth metals, cations derived from organic amines such        as alkanolamines; preferably those derived from alkali metals or        alkali metals; and especially Na+ or K+.

The linear hydroxyalkane sulfonates may be of formula (B):

R′—CH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—(CH₂)n′-SO₃M′  (B)

in which:

-   -   R′ is a saturated linear alkyl radical comprising from 4 to 30        carbon atoms, especially from 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or even from        8 to 18 carbon atoms and better still from 10 to 14 carbon        atoms;    -   n′ is an integer between 0 and 10, preferably between 1 and 4        and better still n′=1;    -   M′ is a cosmetically acceptable cation, chosen especially from        the ammonium cation, cations derived from alkali metals or        alkaline-earth metals, cations derived from organic amines such        as alkanolamines; preferably those derived from alkali metals;        and especially Na+ or K+.

Preferably, R′ represents a linear alkyl radical comprising from 8 to 14carbon atoms, especially from 10 to 12 carbon atoms.

Preferably, M′ is derived from an alkali metal, especially Na+ or K+.

Preferably, the linear hydroxyalkane sulfonates have the formula:

in which:

-   -   R′ is a saturated linear alkyl radical comprising from 4 to 20        carbon atoms, especially from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or even from        8 to 14 carbon atoms and better still from 10 to 12 carbon        atoms;    -   M′ is a cosmetically acceptable cation, chosen especially from        the ammonium cation, cations derived from alkali metals or        alkaline-earth metals, cations derived from organic amines such        as alkanolamines; preferably those derived from alkali metals or        alkali metals; and especially Na+ or K+.

Preferably, R and R′ are identical.

Preferably, M and M′ are identical.

Preferably, the linear α-olefin sulfonates according to the inventionare chosen from linear α-olefin sulfonates comprising 8 to 28 carbonatoms, especially from 10 to 24 carbon atoms, better still from 12 to 20carbon atoms, in particular from 14 to 18 carbon atoms; in particular ofalkali metals, especially of sodium.

Commercial products that may especially be mentioned include those soldunder the name Bio-Terge AS-40A or Bio-Terge AS-40HA by the companyStepan, or Calsoft AOS-40 by the company Pilot Chemical, oralternatively Nansa LSS38/AV by the company Huntsman.

Preferably, the cosmetic composition according to the inventioncomprises said linear α-olefin sulfonates in an amount ranging from 1%to 20% by weight, especially from 4% to 18% by weight and preferablyfrom 6% to 16% by weight, relative to the total weight of the cosmeticcomposition.

(ii) Additional Anionic Surfactants

The composition according to the invention also comprises one or moreanionic surfactants other than the linear α-olefin sulfonate surfactantsabove.

The term “anionic surfactant” means a surfactant comprising, as ionic orionizable groups, only anionic groups.

In the present description, a species is termed “anionic” when it bearsat least one permanent negative charge or when it can be ionized into anegatively charged species, under the conditions of use of thecomposition of the invention (for example the medium or the pH) and notcomprising any cationic charge.

Said additional anionic surfactants are preferably chosen from sulfonatesurfactants and carboxylate surfactants. Needless to say, a mixture ofthese surfactants may be used.

It is understood in the present description that:

-   -   the carboxylate anionic surfactants comprise at least one        carboxylic or carboxylate function (—COOH or —COO—) and may        optionally also comprise one or more sulfate and/or sulfonate        functions;    -   the sulfonate anionic surfactants comprise at least one        sulfonate function (—SO₃H or —SO₃—) and may optionally also        comprise one or more sulfate functions, but do not comprise any        carboxylate functions.

The carboxylic anionic surfactants that may be used thus comprise atleast one carboxylic or carboxylate function (—COOH or —COO—).

They may be chosen from the following compounds: acylglycinates,acyllactylates, acylsarcosinates, acylglutamates; alkyl ether carboxylicacids, alkyl(C₆₋₃₀ aryl) ether carboxylic acids, alkylamido ethercarboxylic acids; and also the salts of these compounds;

the alkyl and/or acyl groups of these compounds comprising from 6 to 30carbon atoms, especially from 12 to 28, better still from 14 to 24 oreven from 16 to 22, carbon atoms; the aryl group preferably denoting aphenyl or benzyl group; these compounds possibly beingpolyoxyalkylenated, especially polyoxyethylenated, and then preferablycomprising from 1 to 50 ethylene oxide units, better still from 2 to 10ethylene oxide units.

The sulfonate anionic surfactants, other than the compounds (i), thatmay be used comprise at least one sulfonate function (—SO₃H or —SO₃ ⁻).

They may be chosen from the following compounds: alkylsulfonates,alkylamidesulfonates, alkylarylsulfonates, paraffin sulfonates,alkylsulfosuccinates, alkyl ether sulfosuccinates,alkylamidesulfosuccinates, alkylsulfoacetates, N-acyltaurates,acylisethionates; alkylsulfolaurates; and also the salts of thesecompounds;

the alkyl groups of these compounds comprising from 6 to 30 carbonatoms, especially from 12 to 28, better still from 14 to 24 or even from16 to 22, carbon atoms; the aryl group preferably denoting a phenyl orbenzyl group;these compounds possibly being polyoxyalkylenated, in particularpolyoxyethylenated, and then preferably comprising from 1 to 50 ethyleneoxide units and better still from 2 to 10 ethylene oxide units.

When the anionic surfactant is in salt form, said salt may be chosenfrom alkali metal salts, such as the sodium or potassium salt, ammoniumsalts, amine salts and in particular amino alcohol salts, andalkaline-earth metal salts, such as the magnesium salt. Examples ofamino alcohol salts that may be mentioned include monoethanolamine,diethanolamine and triethanolamine salts, monoisopropanolamine,diisopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine salts,2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol salts, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediolsalts and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salts. Alkali metal oralkaline-earth metal salts and in particular the sodium or magnesiumsalts are preferably used.

Preferentially, said anionic surfactants are chosen, alone or as amixture, from:

-   -   acylglutamates, especially of C₆-C₂₄ or even C₁₂-C₂₀, such as        stearoylglutamates, and in particular disodium        stearoylglutamate;    -   acylsarcosinates, especially of C₆-C₂₄ or even C₁₂-C₂₀, such as        palmitoylsarcosinates and lauroylsarcosinates, and in particular        sodium palmitoylsarcosinate or sodium lauroylsarcosinate;    -   acyllactylates, especially of C₁₂-C₂₈ or even C₁₄-C₂₄, such as        behenoyllactylates, and in particular sodium behenoyllactylate;    -   C₆-C₂₄ and especially C₁₂-C₂₀ acylglycinates;    -   C₆-C₂₄ and especially C₁₂-C₂₀ N-acyltaurates;    -   (C₆-C₂₄)alkyl ether carboxylates and especially (C₁₂-C₂₀)alkyl        ether carboxylates;    -   polyoxyalkylenated (C₆-C₂₄)alkyl amido ether carboxylic acids,        in particular those comprising from 2 to 50 ethylene oxide        groups;    -   C₆-C₂₄ and especially C₁₂-C₂₀ alkylsulfosuccinates, especially        laurylsulfosuccinates, in particular of sodium;    -   C₆-C₂₄ and especially C₁₂-C₂₀ alkylethersulfosuccinates,        especially laurylsulfosuccinates, which are oxyethylenated,        especially with 3 EO, especially of sodium;    -   (C₆-C₂₄)acylisethionates, preferably (C₁₂-C₁₈)acylisethionates,        and most particularly cocoylisethionates, especially of sodium;    -   C₆-C₂₄ and especially C₁₂-C₂₀ alkylsulfoacetates;        in particular in the form of alkali metal or alkaline-earth        metal, ammonium or amino alcohol salts.

Even more preferentially, said anionic surfactants are chosen, alone oras a mixture, from:

-   -   acylsarcosinates, especially of C₆-C₂₄ or even C₁₂-C₂₀, such as        palmitoylsarcosinates and lauroylsarcosinates, and in particular        sodium palmitoylsarcosinate or sodium lauroylsarcosinate;    -   C₆-C₂₄ and in particular C₁₂-C₂₀ alkylsulfosuccinates,        especially laurylsulfosuccinates, in particular of sodium;    -   (C₆-C₂₄)acylisethionates, preferably (C₁₂-C₁₈)acylisethionates,        and most particularly cocoylisethionates, especially of sodium;    -   C₆-C₂₄ and especially C₁₂-C₂₀ alkylsulfoacetates;    -   C₆-C₂₄ and especially C₁₂-C₂₀ N-acyltaurates;        in particular in the form of alkali metal or alkaline-earth        metal, ammonium or amino alcohol salts.

The anionic surfactant(s) other than the compounds (i) are present inthe composition in an amount ranging from 1% to 20% by weight,especially from 1.5% to 15% by weight, better still from 2% to 10% byweight and even better still from 3% to 10% by weight, relative to thetotal weight of the composition.

In addition, the weight ratio of the amount of linear α-olefinsulfonates (i) to the amount of anionic surfactants (ii) other than thecompounds (i) is greater than or equal to 1 (weight ratio (i)/(ii)≧1),preferably between 1.2 and 12, especially between 1.5 and 10, or evenbetween 1.8 and 8, better still ranging from 2 to 7, or even from 2 to4.

Preferably, the composition according to the invention is said to be“sulfate-free”, i.e. it does not comprise any (0%) anionic surfactantscomprising sulfate groups, for instance alkyl sulfates and alkyl ethersulfates.

(iii) Additional Nonionic and Amphoteric Surfactants

The composition according to the invention also comprises one or moreadditional surfactants chosen from nonionic surfactants and amphotericsurfactants.

The nonionic surfactants that may be used may be chosen from alcohols,α-diols and (C₁₋₂₀)alkylphenols, these compounds being polyethoxylatedand/or polypropoxylated and/or polyglycerolated, the number of ethyleneoxide and/or propylene oxide groups possibly ranging from 1 to 100, andthe number of glycerol groups possibly ranging from 2 to 30; and/orthese compounds comprising at least one fatty chain comprising from 8 to30 carbon atoms and especially from 16 to 30 carbon atoms.

Mention may also be made of condensates of ethylene oxide and ofpropylene oxide with fatty alcohols; polyethoxylated fatty amidespreferably having from 2 to 30 ethylene oxide units, polyglycerolatedfatty amides comprising on average from to 5, and in particular from 1.5to 4, glycerol groups; C₈-C₃₀ fatty acid alkanolamides, such as C₈-C₃₀fatty acid monoalkanolamides, in particular C₈-C₃₀ fatty acidmonoethanolamides or monoisopropanolamides; ethoxylated fatty acidesters of sorbitan preferably containing from 2 to 40 ethylene oxideunits, fatty acid esters of sucrose, polyoxyalkylenated and preferablypolyoxyethylenated fatty acid esters containing from 2 to 150 mol ofethylene oxide, including oxyethylenated plant oils, N—(C₆₋₂₄alkyl)glucamine derivatives, amine oxides such as (C₁₀₋₁₄ alkyl)amineoxides or N—(C₁₀₋₁₄ acyl)aminopropylmorpholine oxides.

Mention may also be made of nonionic surfactants of alkylpolyglycosidetype, represented especially by the following general formula:

R₁O—(R₂O)_(t)-(G)_(v)

in which:

-   -   R₁ represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical        comprising 6 to 24 carbon atoms and especially 8 to 18 carbon        atoms, or an alkylphenyl radical whose linear or branched alkyl        radical comprises 6 to 24 carbon atoms and especially 8 to 18        carbon atoms;    -   R₂ represents an alkylene radical comprising 2 to 4 carbon        atoms,    -   G represents a sugar unit comprising 5 to 6 carbon atoms,    -   t denotes a value ranging from 0 to 10 and preferably 0 to 4,    -   v denotes a value ranging from 1 to 15 and preferably 1 to 4.

Preferably, the alkylpolyglycoside surfactants are compounds of theformula described above in which:

-   -   R₁ denotes a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl        radical comprising from 8 to 18 carbon atoms,    -   R₂ represents an alkylene radical comprising 2 to 4 carbon        atoms,    -   t denotes a value ranging from 0 to 3 and preferably equal to 0,    -   G denotes glucose, fructose or galactose, preferably glucose;    -   the degree of polymerization, i.e. the value of v, possibly        ranging from 1 to 15 and preferably from 1 to 4; the mean degree        of polymerization more particularly being between 1 and 2.

The glucoside bonds between the sugar units are generally of 1-6 or 1-4type and preferably of 1-4 type. Preferably, the alkylpolyglycosidesurfactant is an alkylpolyglucoside surfactant. C₈/C₁₆ alkylpolyglycosides 1,4, and especially decyl glucosides and caprylyl/caprylglucosides, are most particularly preferred.

Among the commercial products, mention may be made of the products soldby the company Cognis under the names Plantaren® (600 CS/U, 1200 and2000) or Plantacare® (818, 1200 and 2000); the products sold by thecompany SEPPIC under the names Oramix CG 110 and Oramix® NS 10; theproducts sold by the company BASF under the name Lutensol GD 70, or elsethe products sold by the company Chem Y under the name AG10 LK.

Preferably, use is made of C₈/C₁₆-alkyl polyglycosides 1,4, especiallyas an aqueous 53% solution, such as those sold by Cognis under thereference Plantacare® 818 UP.

Preferentially, the nonionic surfactants are chosen from (C₆₋₂₄alkyl)polyglycosides, and more particularly (C₈₋₁₈ alkyl)polyglycosides,ethoxylated C₈-C₃₀ fatty acid esters of sorbitan, polyethoxylated C₈-C₃₀fatty alcohols, polyoxyethylenated C₈-C₃₀ fatty acid esters, thesecompounds preferably containing from 2 to 150 mol of ethylene oxide, andC₈-C₃₀ fatty acid alkanolamides such as C₈-C₃₀ fatty acidmonoalkanolamides, in particular C₈-C₃₀ fatty acid monoethanolamides ormonoisopropanolamides, and mixtures thereof.

The amphoteric surfactants that may be used in the invention may beoptionally quaternized secondary or tertiary aliphatic aminederivatives, in which the aliphatic group is a linear or branched chaincomprising from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, said amine derivatives containingat least one anionic group, for instance a carboxylate, sulfonate,sulfate, phosphate or phosphonate group.

Mention may be made in particular of (C₈-C₂₀)alkylbetaines,sulfobetaines, (C₈-C₂₀)alkylsulfobetaines,(C₈-C₂₀)alkylamido(C₁-C₆)alkylbetaines, such as cocamidopropylbetaine,(C₈-C₂₀)alkylamido(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfobetaines, and also mixtures thereof.

Among the optionally quaternized secondary or tertiary aliphatic aminederivatives that may be used, mention may also be made of the productshaving the following respective structures (A1) and (A2):

R_(a)—CON(Z)CH₂—(CH₂)_(m)—N⁺(R_(b))(R_(c))(CH₂COO⁻)  (A1)

in which:R_(a) represents a C₁₀-C₃₀ alkyl or alkenyl group derived from an acidR_(a)—COOH preferably present in hydrolyzed coconut oil, or a heptyl,nonyl or undecyl group,R_(b) represents a β-hydroxyethyl group,R_(c) represents a carboxymethyl group;m is equal to 0, 1 or 2,Z represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyethyl or carboxymethyl group,

R_(a′)—CON(Z)CH₂—(CH₂)_(m′)—N(B)(B′)  (A2)

in which:B represents —CH₂CH₂OX′, with X′ representing —CH₂—COOH, CH₂—COOZ′,—CH₂CH₂—COOH, —CH₂CH₂—COOZ′, or a hydrogen atom,B′ represents —(CH₂)_(z)—Y′, with z=1 or 2, and Y′ representing —COOH,—COOZ′, —CH₂—CHOH—SO₃H or —CH₂—CHOH—SO₃Z′,m′ is equal to 0, 1 or 2,Z represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyethyl or carboxymethyl group,Z′ represents an ion derived from an alkali metal or alkaline-earthmetal, such as sodium, potassium or magnesium; an ammonium ion; or anion derived from an organic amine and especially from an amino alcohol,such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine,monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine,2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol andtris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane.

R_(a′) represents a C₁₀-C₃₀ alkyl or alkenyl group of an acid R_(a′)COOHpreferably present in hydrolyzed linseed oil or coconut oil, an alkylgroup, especially a C₁₇ alkyl group, and its iso form, or an unsaturatedC₁₇ group.

The compounds corresponding to formula (A2) are particularly preferred.

Among the compounds of formula (A2) for which X′ represents a hydrogenatom, mention may be made of the compounds known under the (CTFA) namessodium cocoamphoacetate, sodium lauroamphoacetate, sodiumcaproamphoacetate and sodium capryloamphoacetate.

Other compounds of formula (A2) are known under the (CTFA) namesdisodium cocoamphodiacetate, disodium lauroamphodiacetate, disodiumcaproamphodiacetate, disodium capryloamphodiacetate, disodiumcocoamphodipropionate, disodium lauroamphodipropionate, disodiumcaproamphodipropionate, disodium capryloamphodipropionate,lauroamphodipropionic acid and cocoamphodipropionic acid.

As examples of compounds of formula (A2), mention may be made of thecocoamphodiacetate sold by the company Rhodia under the trade nameMiranol® C2M Concentrate, the sodium cocoamphoacetate sold under thetrade name Miranol Ultra C 32 and the product sold by the company Chimexunder the trade name Chimexane HA.

Use may also be made of compounds of formula (A3):

R_(a″)—NH—CH(Y″)—(CH₂)n-C(O)—NH—(CH₂)n′-N(R_(d))(R_(e))  (A3)

in which:

-   -   R_(a″) represents a C₁₀-C₃₀ alkyl or alkenyl group of an acid        R_(a″)—C(O)OH, which is preferably present in hydrolyzed linseed        oil or coconut oil;    -   Y″ represents the group —C(O)OH, —C(O)OZ″, —CH₂—CH(OH)—SO₃H or        the group —CH₂—CH(OH)—SO₃—Z″, with Z″ representing a cation        resulting from an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal, such as        sodium, an ammonium ion or an ion resulting from an organic        amine;    -   R_(d) and R_(e), independently of each other, represent a C₁-C₄        alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical; and    -   n and n′, independently of each other, denote an integer ranging        from 1 to 3.

Among the compounds of formula (A3), mention may in particular be madeof the compound classified in the CTFA dictionary under the name sodiumdiethylaminopropyl cocoaspartamide and in particular the compound soldby the company Chimex under the name Chimexane HB.

Preferably, the amphoteric surfactants are chosen from(C₈-C₂₀)alkylbetaines, (C₈-C₂₀)alkylamido(C₁-C₆)alkylbetaines,(C₈-C₂₀)alkylamphoacetates and (C₈-C₂₀)alkylamphodiacetates, andmixtures thereof.

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the cosmeticcomposition comprises at least one nonionic surfactant and at least oneamphoteric surfactant. Preferentially, in this embodiment, the nonionicsurfactant is chosen from (C₆₋₂₄ alkyl)polyglycosides, and moreparticularly (C₈₋₁₈ alkyl)polyglycosides, ethoxylated C₈-C₃₀ fatty acidesters of sorbitan, polyethoxylated C₇-C₃₀ fatty alcohols andpolyoxyethylenated C₈-C₃₀ fatty acid esters, these compounds preferablycontaining from 2 to 150 mol of ethylene oxide, C₈-C₃₀ fatty acidalkanolamides such as C₈-C₃₀ fatty acid monoalkanolamides, in particularC₈-C₃₀ fatty acid monoethanolamides or monoisopropanolamides, andmixtures thereof; and better still the nonionic surfactant is chosenfrom C₈-C₃₀ fatty acid alkanolamides, such as C₈-C₃₀ fatty acidmonoalkanolamides, in particular C₈-C₃₀ fatty acid monoethanolamides ormonoisopropanolamides.

Preferentially, in this embodiment, the amphoteric surfactants arechosen from (C₈-C₂₀)alkylbetaines,(C₈-C₂₀)alkylamido(C₁-C₆)alkylbetaines, (C₈-C₂₀)alkylamphoacetates and(C₈-C₂₀)alkylamphodiacetates, and mixtures thereof.

The composition according to the invention preferably comprises saidadditional nonionic and/or amphoteric surfactant(s) in a total amountranging from 0.5% to 20% by weight, especially from 1% to 15% by weight,preferentially from 1.5% to 12% by weight or even from 2% to 10% byweight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

Preferably, the composition according to the invention comprises one ormore amphoteric surfactants, which are preferably present in an amountranging from 0.5% to 15% by weight, especially from 1% to 10% by weightand preferentially from 1.5% to 8% by weight, relative to the totalweight of the composition.

In one particular embodiment, the composition according to the inventioncomprises a total content of surfactants (linear olefin sulfonates(i)+anionic surfactants (ii)+amphoteric surfactants and nonionicsurfactants (iii)+cationic surfactants, where appropriate) of less thanor equal to 25% by weight, in particular less than or equal to 22% byweight, especially less than or equal to 20% by weight, and better stillless than or equal to 18% by weight, relative to the total weight ofsaid composition.

Electrolyte

The composition according to the invention may also comprise one or moreelectrolytes chosen, for example, from mineral salts of alkali metals oralkaline-earth metals, such as sodium chloride, sodium sulfate,magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, and even more preferentiallychosen from mineral salts of monovalent alkali metals or alkaline-earthmetals, and in particular sodium chloride.

The composition according to the invention preferably comprises saidelectrolyte(s) in an amount ranging from 0.01% to 10% by weight,especially from 0.05% to 5% by weight, better still from 0.1% to 3% byweight or even from 0.15% to 2% by weight, relative to the total weightof the composition.

Amphoteric or Cationic Polymers

The composition according to the invention may also comprise one or morepolymers chosen from amphoteric or cationic polymers, and also mixturesthereof.

The term “cationic polymer” means any polymer comprising cationic groupsand/or groups that can be ionized to cationic groups. Preferably, thecationic polymer is hydrophilic or amphiphilic. The preferred cationicpolymers are chosen from those that contain units comprising primary,secondary, tertiary and/or quaternary amine groups that may either formpart of the main polymer chain or may be borne by a side substituentdirectly connected thereto.

The cationic polymers that may be used preferably have a weight-averagemolar mass (Mw) of between 500 and 5×10⁶ approximately and preferablybetween 10³ and 3×10⁶ approximately.

Among the cationic polymers, mention may be made more particularly of:

(1) homopolymers or copolymers derived from acrylic or methacrylicesters or amides and comprising at least one of the units of thefollowing formulae:

in which:

-   -   R₃, which may be identical or different, denote a hydrogen atom        or a CH₃ radical;    -   A, which may be identical or different, represent a linear or        branched divalent alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably        2 or 3 carbon atoms, or a hydroxyalkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon        atoms;    -   R₄, R₅ and R₆, which may be identical or different, represent an        alkyl group containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms or a benzyl        radical, preferably an alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon        atoms;    -   R₁ and R₂, which may be identical or different, represent a        hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon        atoms, preferably methyl or ethyl;    -   X denotes an anion derived from a mineral or organic acid, such        as a methosulfate anion or a halide such as chloride or bromide.

The copolymers of family (1) may also contain one or more units derivedfrom comonomers that may be chosen from the family of acrylamides,methacrylamides, diacetone acrylamides, acrylamides and methacrylamidessubstituted on the nitrogen with lower (C₁-C₄) alkyls, acrylic ormethacrylic acids or esters thereof, vinyllactams such asvinylpyrrolidone or vinylcaprolactam, and vinyl esters.

Among these copolymers of family (1), mention may be made of:

-   -   copolymers of acrylamide and of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate        quaternized with dimethyl sulfate or with a dimethyl halide,        such as that sold under the name Hercofloc by the company        Hercules,    -   copolymers of acrylamide and of        methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, such as the        products sold under the name Bina Quat P 100 by the company Ciba        Geigy,    -   the copolymer of acrylamide and of        methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium methosulfate, such as that        sold under the name Reten by the company Hercules,    -   quaternized or non-quaternized        vinylpyrrolidone/dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate or methacrylate        copolymers, such as the products sold under the name Gafquat by        the company ISP, for instance Gafquat 734 or Gafquat 755, or        alternatively the products known as Copolymer 845, 958 and 937.        These polymers are described in detail in French patents 2 077        143 and 2 393 573,    -   dimethylaminoethyl        methacrylate/vinylcaprolactam/vinylpyrrolidone terpolymers, such        as the product sold under the name Gaffix VC 713 by the company        ISP,    -   vinylpyrrolidone/methacrylamidopropyldimethylamine copolymers,        such as the copolymers sold under the name Styleze CC 10 by ISP,    -   vinylpyrrolidone/quaternized dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide        copolymers such as the product sold under the name Gafquat HS        100 by the company ISP,    -   preferably crosslinked polymers of        methacryloyloxy(C₁-C₄)alkyltri(C₁-C₄)alkylammonium salts, such        as the polymers obtained by homopolymerization of        dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with methyl        chloride, or by copolymerization of acrylamide with        dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with methyl        chloride, the homopolymerization or copolymerization being        followed by crosslinking with an olefinically unsaturated        compound, in particular methylenebisacrylamide. Use may be made        more particularly of a crosslinked        acrylamide/methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride        copolymer (20/80 by weight) in the form of a dispersion        comprising 50% by weight of said copolymer in mineral oil. This        dispersion is sold under the name Salcare® SC 92 by the company        Ciba. Use may also be made of a crosslinked        methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride homopolymer        comprising approximately 50% by weight of the homopolymer in        mineral oil or in a liquid ester. These dispersions are sold        under the names Salcare® SC 95 and Salcare® SC 96 by the company        Ciba.

(2) cationic polysaccharides, especially cationic galactomannan gums andcelluloses. Among the cationic polysaccharides, mention may be made moreparticularly of cellulose ether derivatives comprising quaternaryammonium groups, cationic cellulose copolymers or cellulose derivativesgrafted with a water-soluble quaternary ammonium monomer and cationicgalactomannan gums.

The cellulose ether derivatives comprising quaternary ammonium groupsare in particular described in FR 1 492 597, and mention may be made ofthe polymers sold under the name Ucare Polymer JR (JR 400 LT, JR 125 andJR 30M) or LR (LR 400 and LR 30M) by the company Amerchol. Thesepolymers are also defined in the CTFA dictionary as quaternary ammoniumsof hydroxyethylcellulose that have reacted with an epoxide substitutedwith a trimethylammonium group.

Cationic cellulose copolymers or cellulose derivatives grafted with awater-soluble quaternary ammonium monomer are described in particular inU.S. Pat. No. 4,131,576, and mention may be made of hydroxyalkylcelluloses, for instance hydroxymethyl-, hydroxyethyl- orhydroxypropylcelluloses grafted, in particular, with amethacryloylethyltrimethylammonium,methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium or dimethyldiallylammonium salt.The commercial products corresponding to this definition are moreparticularly the products sold under the names Celquat L 200 and CelquatH 100 by the company National Starch.

The cationic galactomannan gums are described more particularly in U.S.Pat. No. 3,589,578 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,031,307, and mention may be madeof guar gums comprising cationic trialkylammonium groups. Use is made,for example, of guar gums modified with a2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium salt (for example, chloride). Suchproducts are in particular sold under the names Jaguar C13 S, Jaguar C15, Jaguar C 17 and Jaguar C162 by the company Rhodia.

(3) polymers formed from piperazinyl units and divalent alkylene orhydroxyalkylene radicals containing linear or branched chains,optionally interrupted with oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atoms or witharomatic or heterocyclic rings, and also the oxidation and/orquaternization products of these polymers.

(4) water-soluble polyaminoamides prepared in particular bypolycondensation of an acidic compound with a polyamine; thesepolyaminoamides can be crosslinked with an epihalohydrin, a diepoxide, adianhydride, an unsaturated dianhydride, a bis-unsaturated derivative, abis-halohydrin, a bis-azetidinium, a bis-haloacyldiamine, a bis-alkylhalide or alternatively with an oligomer resulting from the reaction ofa difunctional compound which is reactive with a bis-halohydrin, abis-azetidinium, a bis-haloacyldiamine, a bis-alkyl halide, anepihalohydrin, a diepoxide or a bis-unsaturated derivative; thecrosslinking agent being used in proportions ranging from 0.025 to 0.35mol per amine group of the polyaminoamide; these polyaminoamides can bealkylated or, if they comprise one or more tertiary amine functions,they can be quaternized.

(5) polyaminoamide derivatives resulting from the condensation ofpolyalkylene polyamines with polycarboxylic acids followed by alkylationwith difunctional agents. Mention may be made, for example, of adipicacid/dialkylaminohydroxyalkyldialkylenetriamine polymers in which thealkyl radical comprises from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and preferably denotesmethyl, ethyl or propyl. Among these derivatives, mention may be mademore particularly of the adipicacid/dimethylaminohydroxypropyl/diethylenetriamine polymers sold underthe name Cartaretine F, F4 or F8 by the company Sandoz.

(6) polymers obtained by reacting a polyalkylene polyamine comprisingtwo primary amine groups and at least one secondary amine group with adicarboxylic acid chosen from diglycolic acid and saturated aliphaticdicarboxylic acids containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms; the mole ratiobetween the polyalkylene polyamine and the dicarboxylic acid preferablybeing between 0.8:1 and 1.4:1; the resulting polyamino amide beingreacted with epichlorohydrin in a mole ratio of epichlorohydrin relativeto the secondary amine group of the polyaminoamide preferably of between0.5:1 and 1.8:1. Polymers of this type are sold in particular under thename Hercosett 57 by Hercules Inc. or else under the name PD 170 orDelsette 101 by Hercules in the case of the adipicacid/epoxypropyl/diethylenetriamine copolymer.

(7) cyclopolymers of alkyldiallylamine or of dialkyldiallylammonium,such as the homopolymers or copolymers containing, as main constituentof the chain, units corresponding to formula (I) or (II):

in which

-   -   k and t are equal to 0 or 1, the sum k+t being equal to 1;    -   R₁₂ denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical;    -   R₁₀ and R₁₁, independently of each other, denote an alkyl group        containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group in        which the alkyl group contains 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a C₁-C₄        amidoalkyl group; or alternatively R₁₀ and R₁₁ may denote,        together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached,        heterocyclic groups such as piperidyl or morpholinyl; R₁₀ and        R₁₁, independently of each other, preferably denote an alkyl        group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;    -   Y⁻ is an anion such as bromide, chloride, acetate, borate,        citrate, tartrate, bisulfate, bisulfite, sulfate or phosphate.

Mention may be made more particularly of the dimethyldiallylammoniumsalts (for example chloride) homopolymer for example sold under the nameMerquat 100 by the company Nalco (and homologs thereof of lowweight-average molar masses) and the copolymers ofdiallyldimethylammonium and acrylamide salts (for example chloride),sold in particular under the name Merquat 550 or Merquat 7SPR.

(8) quaternary diammonium polymers comprising repeating units offormula:

in which:

-   -   R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₅ and R₁₆, which may be identical or different,        represent aliphatic, alicyclic or arylaliphatic radicals        comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or lower        hydroxyalkylaliphatic radicals, or else R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₅ and R₁₆,        together or separately, constitute, with the nitrogen atoms to        which they are attached, heterocycles optionally comprising a        second non-nitrogen heteroatom, or else R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₅ and R₁₆        represent a linear or branched C₁-C₆ alkyl radical substituted        with a nitrile, ester, acyl, amide or —CO—O—R₁₇-D or        —CO—NH—R₁₇-D group in which R₁₇ is an alkylene and D is a        quaternary ammonium group;    -   A₁ and B₁ represent divalent polymethylene groups comprising        from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, which may be linear or branched,        saturated or unsaturated, and which may contain, linked to or        intercalated in the main chain, one or more aromatic rings or        one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms or sulfoxide, sulfone,        disulfide, amino, alkylamino, hydroxyl, quaternary ammonium,        ureido, amide or ester groups, and    -   X⁻ denotes an anion derived from a mineral or organic acid;        it being understood that A₁, R₁₃ and R₁₅ can form, with the two        nitrogen atoms to which they are attached, a piperazine ring;        in addition, if A₁ denotes a linear or branched, saturated or        unsaturated alkylene or hydroxyalkylene radical, B₁ may also        denote a group (CH₂)_(n)—CO-D-OC—(CH₂)_(n)— in which D denotes:    -   a) a glycol residue of formula —O—Z—O—, in which Z denotes a        linear or branched hydrocarbon-based radical, or a group        corresponding to one of the following formulae:        —(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(x)—CH₂—CH₂—; —[CH₂—CH(CH₃)—O]_(y)—CH₂—CH(CH₃)—, in        which x and y denote an integer from 1 to 4, representing a        defined and unique degree of polymerization or any number from 1        to 4 representing an average degree of polymerization;    -   b) a bis-secondary diamine residue, such as a piperazine        derivative;    -   c) a bis-primary diamine residue of formula: —NH—Y—NH—, where Y        denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon-based radical, or else        the divalent radical —CH₂—CH₂—S—S—CH₂—CH₂—;    -   d) a ureylene group of formula: —NH—CO—NH—.

Preferably, X⁻ is an anion, such as chloride or bromide. These polymershave a number-average molar mass (Mn) generally of between 1000 and 100000.

Mention may be made more particularly of polymers that are composed ofrepeating units corresponding to the formula:

in which R₁, R₂, R₃ and R₄, which may be identical or different, denotean alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical containing from 1 to 4 carbon atomsapproximately, n and p are integers ranging from 2 to 20 approximately,and X⁻ is an anion derived from a mineral or organic acid.

A particularly preferred compound of formula (IV) is the one for whichR₁, R₂, R₃ and R₄ represent a methyl radical and n=3, p=6 and X=Cl,known as Hexadimethrine chloride according to the INCI (CTFA)nomenclature.

(9) polyquaternary ammonium polymers comprising units of formula (V):

in which:

-   -   R₁₈, R₁₉, R₂₀ and R₂₁, which may be identical or different,        represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl, ethyl, propyl,        β-hydroxyethyl, β-hydroxypropyl or —CH₂CH₂(OCH₂CH₂)_(p)OH        radical, in which p is equal to 0 or to an integer between 1 and        6, with the proviso that R₁₈, R₁₉, R₂₀ and R₂₁ do not        simultaneously represent a hydrogen atom,    -   r and s, which may be identical or different, are integers        between 1 and 6,    -   q is equal to 0 or to an integer between 1 and 34,    -   X⁻ denotes an anion such as a halide,    -   A denotes a dihalide radical or preferably represents        —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—.

Examples that may be mentioned include the products Mirapol® A 15,Mirapol® AD1, Mirapol® AZ1 and Mirapol® 175 sold by the company Miranol.

(10) quaternary polymers of vinylpyrrolidone and of vinylimidazole, forinstance the products sold under the names Luviquat® FC 905, FC 550 andFC 370 by the company BASF.

(11) polyamines such as Polyquart® H sold by Cognis, referred to underthe name Polyethylene glycol (15) tallow polyamine in the CTFAdictionary.

(12) polymers comprising in their structure:

(a) one or more units corresponding to formula (A) below:

(b) optionally one or more units corresponding to formula (B) below:

In other words, these polymers may be chosen in particular fromhomopolymers or copolymers comprising one or more units derived fromvinylamine and optionally one or more units derived from vinylformamide.

Preferably, these cationic polymers are chosen from polymers comprising,in their structure, from 5 mol % to 100 mol % of units corresponding tothe formula (A) and from 0 to 95 mol % of units corresponding to theformula (B), preferably from 10 mol % to 100 mol % of unitscorresponding to the formula (A) and from 0 to 90 mol % of unitscorresponding to the formula (B).

These polymers may be obtained, for example, by partial hydrolysis ofpolyvinylformamide. This hydrolysis may take place in acidic or basicmedium.

The weight-average molecular mass of said polymer, measured by lightscattering, may range from 1000 to 3 000 000 g/mol, preferably from 10000 to 1 000 000 and more particularly from 100 000 to 500 000 g/mol.

The cationic charge density of these polymers may range from 2 meq/g tomeq/g, preferably from 2.5 to 15 and more particularly from 3.5 to 10meq/g.

The polymers comprising units of formula (A) and optionally units offormula (B) are sold in particular under the Lupamin name by BASF, forinstance, in a nonlimiting way, the products provided under the namesLupamin 9095, Lupamin 5095, Lupamin 1095, Lupamin 9030 (or Luviquat9030) and Lupamin 9010.

Preferably, the cationic polymers are chosen from those of families (1),(2), (7) and (10) mentioned above.

Among the cationic polymers mentioned above, the ones that maypreferably be used are cationic polysaccharides, in particular cationiccelluloses and cationic galactomannan gums, and in particular quaternarycellulose ether derivatives such as the products sold under the name JR400 by the company Amerchol, cationic cyclopolymers, in particulardimethyldiallylammonium salt (for example chloride) homopolymers orcopolymers, sold under the names Merquat 100, Merquat 550 and Merquat Sby the company Nalco, and homologs thereof of low weight-averagemolecular weights, quaternary polymers of vinylpyrrolidone and ofvinylimidazole, optionally crosslinked homopolymers or copolymers ofmethacryloyloxy(C₁-C₄)alkyltri(C₁-C₄)alkylammonium salts, and mixturesthereof.

It is also possible to use amphoteric polymers, which may preferably bechosen from amphoteric polymers comprising the repetition of:

(i) one or more units derived from a (meth)acrylamide-type monomer,

(ii) one or more units derived from a(meth)acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium-type monomer, and

(iii) one or more units derived from a (meth)acrylic acid-type acidmonomer.

Preferably, the units derived from a (meth)acrylamide-type monomer (i)are units of structure (Ia) below:

in which R₁ denotes H or CH₃ and R₂ is chosen from an amino,dimethylamino, tert-butylamino, dodecylamino and —NH—CH₂OH radical.

Preferably, said amphoteric polymer comprises the repetition of only oneunit of formula (Ia).

The unit derived from a monomer of (meth)acrylamide type of formula (Ia)in which R₁ denotes H and R₂ is an amino radical (NH₂) is particularlypreferred. It corresponds to the acrylamide monomer per se.

Preferably, the units resulting from a(meth)acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium-type monomer (ii) are units ofstructure (IIa) below:

in which:

-   -   R₃ denotes H or CH₃,    -   R₄ denotes a group (CH₂)_(k) with k being an integer ranging        from 1 to 6 and preferably from 2 to 4;    -   R₅, R₆, and R₇, which may be identical or different, each denote        an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;    -   Y⁻ is an anion such as bromide, chloride, acetate, borate,        citrate, tartrate, bisulfate, bisulfite, sulfate or phosphate.

Preferably, said amphoteric polymer comprises the repetition of only oneunit of formula (IIa).

Among these units derived from a(meth)acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium-type monomer of formula (IIa), theones that are preferred are those derived from themethacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride monomer, for which R₃denotes a methyl radical, k is equal to 3, R₅, R₆ and R₇ denote a methylradical, and Y⁻ denotes a chloride anion.

Preferably, the units derived from a (meth)acrylic acid-type monomer(iii) are units of formula (IIIa):

in which R₈ denotes H or CH₃ and R₉ denotes a hydroxyl radical or an—NH—C(CH₃)₂—CH₂—SO₃H radical.

The preferred units of formula (IIIa) correspond to the acrylic acid,methacrylic acid and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomers.

Preferably, the unit derived from a (meth)acrylic acid-type monomer offormula (IIIa) is that derived from acrylic acid, for which R₈ denotes ahydrogen atom and R₉ denotes a hydroxyl radical.

The (meth)acrylic acid-type acidic monomer(s) may be non-neutralized orpartially or totally neutralized with an organic or mineral base.

Preferably, said amphoteric polymer comprises the repetition of only oneunit of formula (IIIa).

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the amphotericpolymer(s) of this type comprise at least 30 mol % of units derived froma (meth)acrylamide-type monomer (i). Preferably, they comprise from 30mol % to 70 mol % and more preferably from 40 mol % to 60 mol % of unitsderived from a (meth)acrylamide-type monomer.

The content of units derived from a(meth)acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium-type monomer (ii) mayadvantageously be from 10 mol % to 60 mol % and preferentially from 20mol % to 55 mol %.

The content of units derived from a (meth)acrylic acid-type acidicmonomer (iii) may advantageously be from 1 mol % to 20 mol % andpreferentially from 5 mol % to 15 mol %.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, theamphoteric polymer of this type comprises:

-   -   from 30 mol % to 70 mol % and more preferably from 40 mol % to        60 mol % of units derived from a (meth)acrylamide-type monomer        (i),    -   from 10 mol % to 60 mol % and preferentially from 20 mol % to 55        mol % of units derived from a        (meth)acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium-type monomer (ii), and    -   from 1 mol % to 20 mol % and preferentially from 5 mol % to 15        mol % of units derived from a (meth)acrylic acid-type monomer        (iii).

Amphoteric polymers of this type may also comprise additional units,other than the units derived from a (meth)acrylamide-type monomer, a(meth)acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium-type monomer and a (meth)acrylicacid-type monomer as described above.

However, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, saidamphoteric polymers are constituted solely of units derived frommonomers of (meth)acrylamide type (i), of(meth)acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium type (ii) and of (meth)acrylicacid type (iii).

Mention may be made, as an example of particularly preferred amphotericpolymers, of acrylamide/methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammoniumchloride/acrylic acid terpolymers. Such polymers are listed in the CTFAInternational Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, 10th edition 2004, underthe name Polyquaternium 53. Corresponding products are in particularsold under the names Merquat 2003 and Merquat 2003 PR by Nalco.

As another type of amphoteric polymer that may be used, mention may alsobe made of copolymers based on (meth)acrylic acid and on adialkyldiallylammonium salt, and optionally on acrylamide or one of itsderivatives, such as copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and ofdimethyldiallylammonium chloride. An example that may be mentioned isMerquat 280 sold by Nalco.

The composition according to the invention may comprise the cationicand/or amphoteric polymers in an amount of between 0.01% and 5% byweight, especially ranging from 0.05% to 3% by weight and preferentiallyfrom 0.1% to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of thecomposition.

Silicone

The cosmetic composition according to the invention may also compriseone or more silicones, which are preferably liquid and volatile ornonvolatile.

The silicones that may be used may be soluble or insoluble in thecomposition according to the invention; they may be in the form of oil,wax, resin or gum; silicone oils and gums are preferred.

The volatile silicones may be chosen from those with a boiling point ofbetween 60° C. and 260° C. (at atmospheric pressure) and moreparticularly from:

i) cyclic polydialkylsiloxanes comprising from 3 to 7 and preferably 4to 5 silicon atoms, such as

-   -   octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.        Mention may be made of the products sold under the name Volatile        Silicone 7207 by Union Carbide or Silbione 70045 V 2 by Rhodia,        Volatile Silicone 7158 by Union Carbide or Silbione 70045 V 5 by        Rhodia;    -   cyclocopolymers of the dimethylsiloxane/methylalkylsiloxane type        having the chemical structure:

Mention may be made of Volatile Silicone FZ 3109 sold by the companyUnion Carbide;

-   -   mixtures of cyclic silicones with silicon-derived organic        compounds, such as the mixture of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane        and of tetratrimethylsilylpentaerythritol (50/50) and the        mixture of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and of        1,1′-oxy(2,2,2′,2′,3,3′-hexatrimethylsilyloxy)bisneopentane;

ii) linear polydialkylsiloxanes containing 2 to 9 silicon atoms, whichgenerally have a viscosity of less than or equal to 5×10⁻⁶ m²/s at 25°C., such as decamethyltetrasiloxane.

Among the nonvolatile silicones, mention may be made, alone or as amixture, of polydialkylsiloxanes and especially polydimethylsiloxanes(PDMS), polydiarylsiloxanes, polyalkylarylsiloxanes, silicone gums andresins, and also organopolysiloxanes (or organomodified polysiloxanes,or alternatively organomodified silicones) which are polysiloxanescomprising in their structure one or more organofunctional groups,generally attached via a hydrocarbon-based group, and preferably chosenfrom aryl groups, amine groups, alkoxy groups and polyoxyethylene orpolyoxypropylene groups.

The organomodified silicones may be polydiarylsiloxanes, especiallypolydiphenylsiloxanes, and polyalkylarylsiloxanes, functionalized withthe organofunctional groups mentioned previously. Thepolyalkylarylsiloxanes are particularly chosen from linear and/orbranched polydimethyl/methylphenylsiloxanes andpolydimethyl/diphenylsiloxanes.

Among the organomodified silicones, mention may be made oforganopolysiloxanes comprising:

-   -   polyethyleneoxy and/or polypropyleneoxy groups optionally        comprising C₆-C₂₄ alkyl groups, such as dimethicone copolyols        and especially those sold by the company Dow Corning under the        name DC 1248 or the oils Silwet® L 722, L 7500, L 77 and L 711        from the company Union Carbide; or (C₁₂)alkylmethicone copolyols        and especially those sold by the company Dow Corning under the        name Q2 5200;    -   substituted or unsubstituted amine groups, in particular C₁-C₄        aminoalkyl groups; mention may be made of the products sold        under the names GP4 Silicone Fluid and GP7100 by the company        Genesee, or under the names Q2-8220 and DC929 or DC939 by the        company Dow Corning;    -   thiol groups, such as the products sold under the names GP 72 A        and GP 71 from Genesee;    -   alkoxylated groups, such as the product sold under the name        Silicone Copolymer F-755 by SWS Silicones and Abil Wax® 2428,        2434 and 2440 by the company Goldschmidt;    -   hydroxylated groups, for instance polyorganosiloxanes bearing a        hydroxyalkyl function;    -   acyloxyalkyl groups, such as the polyorganosiloxanes described        in U.S. Pat. No. 4,957,732;    -   anionic groups of the carboxylic acid type, as described, for        example, in EP 186 507, or of the alkylcarboxylic type, such as        the product X-22-3701E from the company Shin-Etsu; or else of        the 2-hydroxyalkylsulfonate or 2-hydroxyalkylthiosulfate type,        such as the products sold by the company Goldschmidt under the        names Abil® S201 and Abil® S255;    -   hydroxyacylamino groups, such as the polyorganosiloxanes        described in patent application EP 342 834; mention may be made,        for example, of the product Q2-8413 from the company Dow        Corning.

The silicones may also be chosen from polydialkylsiloxanes, among whichmention may be made mainly of polydimethylsiloxanes bearingtrimethylsilyl end groups. Among these polydialkylsiloxanes, mention maybe made of the following commercial products:

-   -   the Silbione® oils of the 47 and 70 047 series or the Mirasil®        oils sold by Rhodia, such as, for example, the oil 70 047 V 500        000;    -   the oils of the Mirasil® series sold by the company Rhodia;    -   the oils of the 200 series from the company Dow Corning, such as        DC200 with a viscosity of 60 000 mm²/s;    -   the Viscasil® oils from General Electric and certain oils of the        SF series (SF 96, SF 18) from General Electric.

Mention may also be made of polydimethylsiloxanes bearingdimethylsilanol end groups, known under the name dimethiconol (CTFA),such as the oils of the 48 series from the company Rhodia.

In this category of polydialkylsiloxanes, mention may also be made ofthe products sold under the names Abil Wax® 9800 and 9801 by the companyGoldschmidt, which are poly(C₁-C₂₀)dialkylsiloxanes.

Products that may be used more particularly in accordance with theinvention are mixtures such as:

-   -   the mixtures formed from a polydimethylsiloxane hydroxylated at        the chain end, or dimethiconol (CTFA), and from a cyclic        polydimethylsiloxane, also known as cyclomethicone (CTFA), such        as the product Q2 1401 sold by the company Dow Corning.

The polyalkylarylsiloxanes are particularly chosen from linear and/orbranched polydimethyl/methylphenylsiloxanes andpolydimethyl/diphenylsiloxanes with a viscosity ranging from 1×10⁻⁵ to5×10⁻² m²/s at 25° C.

Among these polyalkylarylsiloxanes, mention may be made of the productssold under the following names:

-   -   the Silbione® oils of the 70 641 series from Rhodia;    -   the oils of the Rhodorsil® 70 633 and 763 series from Rhodia;    -   the oil Dow Corning 556 Cosmetic Grade Fluid from Dow Corning;    -   the silicones of the PK series from Bayer, such as the product        PK20;    -   the silicones of the PN and PH series from Bayer, such as the        products PN1000 and PH1000;    -   certain oils of the SF series from General Electric, such as SF        1023, SF 1154, SF 1250 and SF 1265.

The cosmetic composition according to the invention may comprise saidsilicones in an amount ranging from 0.1% to 10% by weight and betterstill from 0.2% to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of thecomposition.

Thickener

The cosmetic composition according to the invention may also compriseone or more thickeners, preferably nonionic thickeners.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term “thickener” means acompound which, when introduced at 1% by weight in an aqueous solutionor an aqueous-alcoholic solution containing 30% ethanol, and at pH 7,makes it possible to achieve a viscosity of at least 100 cps(centipoises) and preferably of at least 500 cps, at 25° C. and at ashear rate of 1 s⁻¹. This viscosity may be measured using a cone/plateviscometer (Haake R600 rheometer or the like).

The thickeners may be chosen from optionally oxyalkylenated fattyalcohols, fatty amides, oxyalkylenated fatty acid esters, and acrylicthickening polymers, and also mixtures thereof. They are preferablychosen from fatty amides and oxyalkylenated fatty acid esters.

The fatty alcohols preferably have the structure R—OH with R being asaturated or unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon-based radical,comprising 8 to 40 carbon atoms, especially 8 to 30 carbon atoms,optionally substituted with one or more OH groups, preferably 1 to 2 OHgroups; preferably, R is a C₈-C₄₀ and especially C₁₂-C₂₄ alkyl; oralternatively a C₈-C₄₀ and especially C₁₂-C₂₄ alkenyl. Mention may bemade especially of the following compounds: lauryl alcohol, cetylalcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, linoleylalcohol, undecylenyl alcohol, palmitoleyl alcohol, arachidonyl alcoholand erucyl alcohol, and also mixtures thereof.

Advantageously, said fatty alcohols are solid at 25° C., i.e. they havea viscosity, measured with a rheometer (for example an R600 rheometer),at 25° C. and at a shear rate of 1 s⁻¹, of greater than or equal to 1Pa·s.

Preferably, the fatty alcohols are chosen from stearyl alcohol, cetylalcohol and mixtures thereof (cetylstearyl alcohol).

The term “fatty amide” means an amide comprising in its structure atleast one hydrocarbon-based chain comprising at least 8 carbon atoms.

The fatty amides are more particularly chosen from compounds derivedfrom an amide of alkanolamine and from a saturated or unsaturated,linear or branched fatty acid, comprising 8 to 30 carbon atoms, thealkanolamine and/or the fatty acid possibly being oxyalkylenated,preferably oxyethylenated, and comprising 1 to 50 mol of ethylene oxide(1-50 EO).

Preferably, the fatty amides are chosen from amides of C₂-C₁₀alkanolamines and of C₁₄-C₃₀ fatty acids, and better still of C₂-C₁₀alkanolamines and of C₁₄-C₂₂ fatty acids.

Mention may in particular be made of:

-   -   the coconut (or coconut fatty acid) monoisopropanolamide, such        as the product Empilan CLS from the company Huntsman,    -   coconut (or coconut fatty acid) monoethanolamide, or cocamide        MEA;    -   soybean fatty acid diethanolamide, such as the product        Comperlan® VOD from the company Cognis,    -   oleic acid monoisopropanolamide, such as the product Witcamide®        61 from the company Witco,    -   oleic acid diethanolamide, such as the product Mexanyl® GT from        the company Chimex,    -   myristic acid monoethanolamide, such as the product Comperlan®        MM from the company Cognis,    -   stearic acid ethanolamide or stearic acid monoethanolamide, such        as the products Monamid® S and Monamid® 972 from the company        Uniqema,    -   linoleic acid diethanolamide, such as the product Purton® SFD        from the company Zschimmer Schwarz,    -   behenic acid monoethanolamide, such as the product Incromide®        BEM from the company Croda,    -   isostearic acid monoisopropanolamide, such as the product        Witcamide® SPA from the company Witco,    -   erucic acid diethanolamide, such as the product Erucic acid        diethanolamide from the company Stearineries Dubois,    -   ricinoleic acid monoethanolamide, such as the product Ricinoleic        monoethanolamide from the company Stearineries Dubois,    -   rapeseed fatty acid amide comprising 4 mol of EO, such as the        product Amidet N from the company Kao.

The oxyalkylenated fatty acid esters may be chosen from oxyalkylenatedderivatives of fatty acid esters or of fatty alcohol ethers.

Mention may be made most particularly of oxyalkylenated and especiallyoxyethylenated derivatives of esters of C₆-C₃₀ fatty acids or of ethersof C₆-C₃₀ fatty alcohols, and of polyols such as glycerol, sorbitol,glucose, pentaerythritol or polyethylene glycol, preferably polyethyleneglycol, these derivatives preferably comprising 10 to 500 mol ofethylene oxide (EO), in particular 30 to 400 EO and preferably 40 to 300mol of EO.

Mention may be made in particular of ethylene glycol stearate,polyethylene glycol distearate with 150 EO, glyceryl stearate with 200EO such as the product Simulsol 220 TM® from SEPPIC, pentaerythrityltetrastearate with 150 EO, such as the product Crothix® from Croda,methylglucose dioleate with 120 EO, such as the product GlucamateDOE-120 Vegetal® from the company Amerchol, sorbitan triisostearate with160 EO, such as the product Rheodol TW IS399C from the company KaoChemicals, and propylene glycol oleate with 55 EO, such as the productAntil 141 Liquid from the company Evonik Goldschmidt.

In particular, the oxyalkylenated fatty acid esters may correspond tothe following formula:

R₁—CO—(X)_(n)—(OCH₂CH₂)_(m)—O—(CO)_(p)—R₂

in which:

-   -   R₁ is a linear or branched C₉-C₂₉ alkyl or alkenyl radical,    -   R₁ is a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C₉-C₂₉ alkyl or        alkenyl radical,    -   X is a linear or branched C₁-C₄ divalent alkylene radical,        preferably of formula —CH₂—CH(CH₃)—;    -   n is 0 or 1, p is 0 or 1 and m is an integer ranging from 50 to        200.

Among the acrylic thickening polymers, the following are mostparticularly preferred:

-   -   crosslinked (meth)acrylic acid homopolymers, such as the        products sold under the names Carbopol 980, 981, 954, 2984 and        5984 by the company Goodrich or the products sold under the        names Synthalen M and Synthalen K by the company 3 VSA; and    -   crosslinked copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and of a C₁-C₆        alkyl acrylate, and especially crosslinked copolymers of        methacrylic acid and of ethyl acrylate or of acrylic acid and of        ethyl acrylate, such as the products sold under the names        Viscoatex 538C by the company Coatex, Aculyn 33 by the company        Röhm & Haas, or Carbopol Aqua SF-1 by the company Noveon.

The cosmetic composition according to the invention may comprise thethickener(s) in an amount ranging from 0.01% to 10% by weight, betterstill from 0.05% to 8% by weight, even better still from 0.1% to 5% byweight and preferentially from 0.5% to 4% by weight, relative to thetotal weight of the composition.

Other Ingredients

The cosmetic composition according to the invention may be in anypresentation form conventionally used and especially in the form of anaqueous, alcoholic or aqueous-alcoholic or oily solution or suspension;a solution or dispersion of the lotion or serum type; an emulsion, anaqueous or anhydrous gel, or any other cosmetic form.

The composition according to the invention is preferably aqueous andthen comprises water at a concentration preferably ranging from 30% to98% by weight, especially from 50% to 95% by weight and better stillfrom 60% to 90% by weight, relative to the total weight of thecomposition.

The composition may also comprise one or more organic solvents that areliquid at 25° C. and 1 atm. and especially water-soluble, such as C₁-C₆alcohols, especially C₁-C₆ aliphatic or aromatic monoalcohols; C₃-C₇polyols such as glycerol; glycols such as butylene glycol, isopreneglycol or propylene glycol; and C₃-C₇ polyol ethers, which may thus beused alone or as a mixture with water. Advantageously, the organicsolvent may be chosen from ethanol and isopropanol, and mixturesthereof.

The composition according to the invention may also comprise at leastone common cosmetic ingredient, other than the compounds of theinvention, chosen especially from plant, mineral, animal or syntheticoils; solid fatty substances and especially waxes, C₈-C₄₀ esters andC₈-C₄₀ acids; C₈-C₄₀ alcohols; cationic surfactants, anionic polymers;sunscreens; moisturizers; antidandruff agents; antioxidants; chelatingagents; nacreous agents and opacifiers; plasticizers or coalescers;hydroxy acids; fillers; fragrances; basifying or acidifying agents;aldehydes, DHA; polymeric or non-polymeric thickeners, and especiallyassociative polymers; preserving agents; sequestrants (EDTA and saltsthereof); dyestuffs. The composition can, of course, comprise severalcosmetic ingredients appearing in the above list. Those skilled in theart will take care to choose the ingredients included in thecomposition, and also the amounts thereof, such that they do not harmthe properties of the compositions of the present invention.

The pH of the composition, if it is aqueous, is preferably between 4 and7.5 and especially between 4.5 and 6.

The cosmetic composition may be rinsed off or left on after having beenapplied to the keratin materials; it is preferably rinsed off, after anoptional leave-on time which may be a few minutes.

The cosmetic composition according to the invention especially finds aparticularly advantageous application in the field of body and/or hairhygiene, especially for cleansing the hair and/or the scalp, and alsofor cleansing and/or removing makeup from bodily and/or facial skin.

It may thus constitute a shampoo or a shower gel, or alternatively amask to be rinsed off.

A subject of the invention is also a cosmetic treatment process,especially for caring for and/or cleansing keratin materials, especiallythe hair, the scalp, bodily skin and/or facial skin, comprising theapplication to said keratin materials of a cosmetic compositionaccording to the invention, optionally followed by rinsing, after anoptional leave-on time.

The invention relates especially to a cosmetic process for cleansingsoiling residues from human keratin materials, in which a compositionaccording to the invention is applied to said keratin materials in thepresence of water, it is massaged to form a foam, and the foam formedand the soiling residues are then removed by rinsing with water.

The invention is illustrated in greater detail in the examples thatfollow. In these examples, the viscosity is measured as indicated above(using a Haake Mars rheometer in cone-plate geometry, with a diameter of60 mm/1°).

EXAMPLES

The below hair compositions of shampoo type (% by weight of activematerial AM) are prepared:

Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Sodium C₁₄₋₁₆ olefin sulfonate 12 7.5 15(Bio-terge AS-40A from Stepan) Disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate 6 — —Disodium laureth sulfosuccinate — 7.5 — Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate — — 3Cocamidopropyl betaine 2 2 2 Cocamide MEA 0.5 2 1 Polyquaternium-10 0.50.5 0.5 PDMS 60 000 1.75 1.75 1.75 Carbomer 0.15 0.15 0.15 NaCl 1.250.45 0.85 pH agent (citric acid, NaOH) qs pH 5.3 qs pH 5.3 qs pH 5.3Water qs 100% qs 100% qs 100% Viscosity (mPa · s) 7065 6000 6100 Ratio(i)/(ii) 2 1 5 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Sodium C₁₄₋₁₆ olefinsulfonate 15 12 14 (Bio-terge AS-40A from Stepan) Sodium lauroylsarcosinate 3 2.4 2 Cocamidopropyl betaine — 2 2 Cocobetaine 2 — —Cocamide MEA 1 1 2 Polyquaternium-10 0.5 0.5 0.5 PDMS 60 000 1.75 1.751.75 Carbomer 0.15 0.15 0.15 NaCl 0.5 1.25 0.4 pH agent (citric acid,NaOH) qs pH 5.3 qs pH 5.3 qs pH 5.3 Water qs 100% qs 100% qs 100%Viscosity (mPa · s) 7000 7750 6300 Ratio (i)/(ii) 5 5 7 Example 7Example 8 Example 9 Sodium C₁₄₋₁₆ olefin sulfonate 9 8 8 (Bio-tergeAS-40A from Stepan) Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate 4.5 4 4 Cocamidopropylbetaine 2 2 2 Cocamide MEA 1.5 2 1 Polyquaternium-10 0.5 0.5 0.5 PDMS 60000 1.75 1.75 1.75 Carbomer 0.15 0.15 0.15 NaCl 1 0.4 1.2 pH agent(citric acid, NaOH) qs pH 5.3 qs pH 5.3 qs pH 5.3 Water qs 100% qs 100%qs 100% Viscosity (mPa · s) 6500 7600 6150 Ratio (i)/(ii) 2 2 2 Example10 Example 11 Example 12 Sodium C₁₄₋₁₆ olefin sulfonate 8 7 6 (Bio-tergeAS-40A from Stepan) Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate 4 3.5 3 Cocamidopropylbetaine 2 2 2 Cocamide MEA 1.5 1.5 1.5 Polyquaternium-10 0.5 0.5 0.5PDMS 60 000 1.75 1.75 1.75 Carbomer 0.15 0.15 0.15 NaCl 0.75 0.55 0.5 pHagent (citric acid, NaOH) qs pH 5.3 qs pH 5.3 qs pH 5.3 Water qs 100% qs100% qs 100% Viscosity (mPa · s) 6700 6200 6800 Ratio (i)/(ii) 2 2 2Example 13 Example 14 Sodium C₁₄₋₁₆ olefin sulfonate 10 7.5 (Bio-tergeAS-40A from Stepan) Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate 5 7.5 Cocamidopropylbetaine 2 2 Cocamide MEA 2 2 Polyquaternium-10 0.5 0.5 PDMS 60 000 1.751.75 Carbomer 0.15 0.15 NaCl 0.6 0.5 pH agent (citric acid, NaOH) qs pH5.3 qs pH 5.3 Water qs 100% qs 100% Viscosity (mPa · s) 5700 5270 Ratio(i)/(ii) 2 1

Stable detergent compositions are obtained, which exhibit goodthickening, with a viscosity of at least 4 Pa·s, and a foaming effect,which may be used for cleansing the hair and lead to the production ofgood cosmetic properties for the hair.

The compositions exhibit good starting of foaming and generate anabundant foam of good quality: the foam in particular has a creamytexture and spreads easily over the whole head of hair.

Examples 4 and 7 were tested by a sensory panel of 10 trained consumersand compared with a sulfate-free commercial shampoo formulation.

The two examples according to the invention exhibit starting of foamingand foam abundance, firmness and persistence equivalent to those of thecommercial product, even though these compositions according to theinvention comprise much less anionic surfactant (between 10% and 30%less).

1. A cosmetic composition comprising: (i) one or more linear α-olefinsulfonates, (ii) one or more anionic surfactants other than thecompounds (i), present in the composition in an amount ranging from 1%to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition; and(iii) one or more additional surfactants chosen from amphotericsurfactants and nonionic surfactants, the weight ratio of the amount oflinear α-olefin sulfonates (i) to the amount of anionic surfactants (ii)other than the compounds (i) being greater than or equal to
 1. 2. Thecomposition as claimed in claim 1, in which the linear α-olefinsulfonates comprise linear alkene sulfonates, especially of formula (A):R—CH₂—CH═CH—(CH₂)n-SO₃M in which: R is a saturated linear alkyl radicalcomprising from 4 to 30 carbon atoms, especially from 6 to 20 carbonatoms, or even from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and better still from 10 to 14carbon atoms; n is an integer between 0 and 10, preferably between 1 and4 and better still n=1; M is a cosmetically acceptable cation, chosenespecially from the ammonium cation, cations derived from alkali metalsor alkaline-earth metals, cations derived from organic amines such asalkanolamines; preferably those derived from alkali metals; andespecially Na+ or K+.
 3. The composition as claimed in the precedingclaim, in which the linear alkene sulfonates are of formula:

in which: R is a saturated linear alkyl radical comprising from 4 to 20carbon atoms, especially from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or even from 8 to 14carbon atoms and better still from 10 to 12 carbon atoms; M is acosmetically acceptable cation, chosen especially from the ammoniumcation, cations derived from alkali metals or alkaline-earth metals,cations derived from organic amines such as alkanolamines; preferablythose derived from alkali metals or alkali metals; and better still Na+or K+.
 4. The composition as claimed in one of the preceding claims, inwhich the linear α-olefin sulfonates comprise linear hydroxyalkanesulfonates, especially of formula (B):R′—CH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—(CH₂)n′-SO₃M′  (B) in which: R′ is a saturated linearalkyl radical comprising from 4 to 30 carbon atoms, especially from 6 to20 carbon atoms, or even from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, in particular 8 to14 carbon atoms, better still from 10 to 14 carbon atoms, especiallyfrom 10 to 12 carbon atoms; n′ is an integer between 0 and 10,preferably between 1 and 4 and better still n′=1; M′ is a cosmeticallyacceptable cation, chosen especially from the ammonium cation, cationsderived from alkali metals or alkaline-earth metals, cations derivedfrom organic amines such as alkanolamines; preferably those derived fromalkali metals; and especially Na+ or K+.
 5. The composition as claimedin the preceding claim, in which the linear hydroxyalkane sulfonates areof formula:

in which: R′ is a saturated linear alkyl radical comprising from 4 to 20carbon atoms, especially from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or even from 8 to 14carbon atoms and better still from 10 to 12 carbon atoms; M′ is acosmetically acceptable cation, chosen especially from the ammoniumcation, cations derived from alkali metals or alkaline-earth metals,cations derived from organic amines such as alkanolamines; preferablythose derived from alkali metals or alkali metals; and especially Na+ orK+.
 6. The composition as claimed in one of the preceding claims, inwhich the linear α-olefin sulfonates are chosen from linear α-olefinsulfonates comprising 8 to 28 carbon atoms, especially from 10 to 24carbon atoms, better still from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, in particularfrom 14 to 18 carbon atoms; in particular of alkali metals, especiallyof sodium.
 7. The composition as claimed in one of the preceding claims,comprising said linear α-olefin sulfonates in an amount ranging from 1%to 20% by weight, especially from 4% to 18% by weight and preferablyfrom 6% to 16% by weight, relative to the total weight of the cosmeticcomposition.
 8. The composition as claimed in one of the precedingclaims, comprising one or more anionic sulfonates, other than the linearα-olefin sulfonates, chosen from sulfonate surfactants and carboxylatesurfactants; and especially chosen from the following compounds:acylglycinates, acyllactylates, acylsarcosinates, acylglutamates, alkylether carboxylic acids, alkyl(C₆₋₃₀ aryl) ether carboxylic acids,alkylamido ether carboxylic acids; and also the salts of thesecompounds; the alkyl and/or acyl groups of these compounds comprisingfrom 6 to 30 carbon atoms, especially from 12 to 28, better still from14 to 24 or even from 16 to 22, carbon atoms; the aryl group preferablydenoting a phenyl or benzyl group; these compounds possibly beingpolyoxyalkylenated, especially polyoxyethylenated, and then preferablycomprising from 1 to 50 ethylene oxide units, better still from 2 to 10ethylene oxide units; alkylsulfonates, alkylamidesulfonates,alkylarylsulfonates, paraffin sulfonates, alkylsulfosuccinates, alkylether sulfosuccinates, alkylamide sulfosuccinates, alkylsulfoacetates,N-acyltaurates, acylisethionates; alkylsulfolaurates; and also the saltsof these compounds; the alkyl groups of these compounds comprising from6 to 30 carbon atoms, especially from 12 to 28, better still from 14 to24 or even from 16 to 22, carbon atoms; the aryl group preferablydenoting a phenyl or benzyl group; these compounds possibly beingpolyoxyalkylenated, especially polyoxyethylenated, and then preferablycomprising from 1 to 50 ethylene oxide units, better still from 2 to 10ethylene oxide units.
 9. The composition as claimed in one of thepreceding claims, in which the anionic surfactants other than thecompounds (i) are chosen, alone or as a mixture, from: acylglutamates,especially of C₆-C₂₄ or even C₁₂-C₂₀, such as stearoylglutamates, and inparticular disodium stearoylglutamate; acylsarcosinates, especially ofC₆-C₂₄ or even C₁₂-C₂₀, such as palmitoylsarcosinates andlauroylsarcosinates, and in particular sodium palmitoylsarcosinate orsodium lauroylsarcosinate; acyllactylates, especially of C₁₂-C₂₈ or evenC₁₄-C₂₄, such as behenoyllactylates, and in particular sodiumbehenoyllactylate; C₆-C₂₄ and especially C₁₂-C₂₀ acylglycinates; C₆-C₂₄and especially C₁₂-C₂₀ N-acyltaurates; (C₆-C₂₄)alkyl ether carboxylatesand especially (C₁₂-C₂₀)alkyl ether carboxylates; polyoxyalkylenated(C₆-C₂₄)alkyl amido ether carboxylic acids, in particular thosecomprising from 2 to 50 ethylene oxide groups; C₆-C₂₄ and especiallyC₁₂-C₂₀ alkylsulfosuccinates, especially laurylsulfosuccinates, inparticular of sodium; C₆-C₂₄ and especially C₁₂-C₂₀alkylethersulfosuccinates, especially laurylsulfosuccinates, which areoxyethylenated, especially with 3 EO, especially of sodium;(C₆-C₂₄)acylisethionates, preferably (C₁₂-C₁₈)acylisethionates, and mostparticularly cocoylisethionates, especially of sodium; C₆-C₂₄ andespecially C₁₂-C₂₀ alkylsulfoacetates; in particular in the form ofalkali metal or alkaline-earth metal, ammonium or amino alcohol salts.10. The composition as claimed in one of the preceding claims,comprising said anionic surfactants other than the compounds (i) in anamount ranging from 1.5% to 15% by weight, better still from 2% to 10%by weight and better still from 3% to 10% by weight, relative to thetotal weight of the composition.
 11. The composition as claimed in oneof the preceding claims, in which the weight ratio of the amount oflinear α-olefin sulfonates (i) to the amount of anionic surfactants (ii)other than the compounds (i) is between 1.2 and 12, especially between1.5 and 10, or even between 1.8 and 8, better still ranging from 2 to 7,or even from 2 to
 4. 12. The composition as claimed in one of thepreceding claims, comprising one or more additional surfactants chosenfrom nonionic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants; and especiallyfrom: alcohols, α-diols and (C₁₋₂₀)alkylphenols, these compounds beingpolyethoxylated and/or polypropoxylated and/or polyglycerolated, thenumber of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide groups possibly rangingfrom 1 to 100, and the number of glycerol groups possibly ranging from 2to 30; and/or these compounds comprising at least one fatty chaincomprising from 8 to 30 carbon atoms and especially from 16 to 30 carbonatoms; condensates of ethylene oxide and of propylene oxide with fattyalcohols; polyethoxylated fatty amides preferably having from 2 to 30ethylene oxide units, polyglycerolated fatty amides comprising onaverage from 1 to 5, and in particular from 1.5 to 4, glycerol groups;C₈-C₃₀ fatty acid alkanolamides, such as C₈-C₃₀ fatty acidmonoalkanolamides, in particular C₈-C₃₀ fatty acid monoethanolamides ormonoisopropanolamides; ethoxylated fatty acid esters of sorbitanpreferably containing from 2 to 40 ethylene oxide units, fatty acidesters of sucrose, polyoxyalkylenated and preferably polyoxyethylenatedfatty acid esters containing from 2 to 150 mol of ethylene oxide,including oxyethylenated plant oils, N—(C₆₋₂₄ alkyl)glucaminederivatives, amine oxides such as (C₁₀₋₁₄ alkyl)amine oxides orN—(C₁₀₋₁₄ acyl)aminopropylmorpholine oxides; nonionic surfactants ofalkylpolyglycoside type, represented especially by the following generalformula:R₁O—(R₂O)_(t)-(G)_(v) in which: R₁ represents a linear or branched alkylor alkenyl radical comprising 6 to 24 carbon atoms and especially 8 to18 carbon atoms, or an alkylphenyl radical whose linear or branchedalkyl radical comprises 6 to 24 carbon atoms and especially 8 to 18carbon atoms; R₂ represents an alkylene radical comprising 2 to 4 carbonatoms, G represents a sugar unit comprising 5 to 6 carbon atoms, tdenotes a value ranging from 0 to 10 and preferably 0 to 4, v denotes avalue ranging from 1 to 15 and preferably 1 to 4; (C₈-C₂₀)alkylbetaines,sulfobetaines, (C₈-C₂₀)alkylsulfobetaines,(C₈-C₂₀)alkylamido(C₁-C₆)alkylbetaines, such as cocamidopropylbetaine,(C₈-C₂₀)alkylamido(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfobetaines, and also mixtures thereof;optionally quaternized secondary or tertiary aliphatic amine derivativeshaving the below respective structures (A1) and (A2):R_(a)—CON(Z)CH₂—(CH₂)_(m)—N⁺(R_(b))(R_(c))(CH₂COO⁻)  (A1) in which:R_(a) represents a C₁₀-C₃₀ alkyl or alkenyl group derived from an acidR_(a)—COOH preferably present in hydrolyzed coconut oil, or a heptyl,nonyl or undecyl group, R_(b) represents a β-hydroxyethyl group, R_(c)represents a carboxymethyl group; m is equal to 0, 1 or 2, Z representsa hydrogen atom or a hydroxyethyl or carboxymethyl group,R_(a′)—CON(Z)CH₂—(CH₂)_(m′)—N(B)(B′)  (A2) in which: B represents—CH₂CH₂OX′, with X′ representing —CH₂—COOH, CH₂—COOZ′, —CH₂CH₂—COOH,—CH₂CH₂—COOZ′, or a hydrogen atom, B′ represents —(CH₂)_(z)—Y′, with z=1or 2, and Y′ representing —COOH, —COOZ′, —CH₂—CHOH—SO₃H or—CH₂—CHOH—SO₃Z′, m′ is equal to 0, 1 or 2, Z represents a hydrogen atomor a hydroxyethyl or carboxymethyl group, Z′ represents an ion derivedfrom an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal, such as sodium, potassiumor magnesium; an ammonium ion; or an ion derived from an organic amineand especially from an amino alcohol, such as monoethanolamine,diethanolamine and triethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine,diisopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol,2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane.R_(a′) represents a C₁₀-C₃₀ alkyl or alkenyl group of an acid R_(a′)COOHpreferably present in hydrolyzed linseed oil or coconut oil, an alkylgroup, especially a C₁₇ alkyl group, and its iso form, or an unsaturatedC₁₇ group. compounds of formula (A3):R_(a″)—NH—CH(Y″)—(CH₂)n-C(O)—NH—(CH₂)n′-N(R_(d))(R_(e))  (A3) in which:R_(a″) represents a C₁₀-C₃₀ alkyl or alkenyl group of an acidR_(a″)—C(O)OH, which is preferably present in hydrolyzed linseed oil orcoconut oil; Y″ represents the group —C(O)OH, —C(O)OZ″, —CH₂—CH(OH)—SO₃Hor the group —CH₂—CH(OH)—SO₃—Z″, with Z″ representing a cation resultingfrom an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal, such as sodium, anammonium ion or an ion resulting from an organic amine; R_(d) and R_(e),independently of each other, represent a C₁-C₄ alkyl or hydroxyalkylradical; and n and n′, independently of each other, denote an integerranging from 1 to
 3. 13. The composition as claimed in one of thepreceding claims, comprising at least one nonionic surfactant and atleast one amphoteric surfactant; said nonionic surfactant preferablybeing chosen from (C₆₋₂₄ alkyl)polyglycosides, and more particularly(C₈₋₁₈ alkyl)polyglycosides, ethoxylated C₈-C₃₀ fatty acid esters ofsorbitan, polyethoxylated C₈-C₃₀ fatty alcohols and polyoxyethylenatedC₈-C₃₀ fatty acid esters, these compounds preferably containing from 2to 150 mol of ethylene oxide, C₈-C₃₀ fatty acid alkanolamides such asC₈-C₃₀ fatty acid monoalkanolamides, in particular C₈-C₃₀ fatty acidmonoethanolamides or monoisopropanolamides, and mixtures thereof; andbetter still said nonionic surfactant being chosen from C₈-C₃₀ fattyacid alkanolamides, such as C₈-C₃₀ fatty acid monoalkanolamides, inparticular C₈-C₃₀ fatty acid monoethanolamides or monoisopropanolamides;and/or said amphoteric surfactant preferably being chosen from(C₈-C₂₀)alkylbetaines, (C₈-C₂₀)alkylamido(C₁-C₆)alkylbetaines,(C₈-C₂₀)alkylamphoacetates and (C₈-C₂₀)alkylamphodiacetates, andmixtures thereof.
 14. The composition as claimed in claim 12 or 13,comprising said additional nonionic and/or amphoteric surfactant(s) in atotal amount ranging from 0.5% to 20% by weight, especially from 1% to15% by weight, preferentially from 1.5% to 12% by weight or even from 2%to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. 15.The composition as claimed in one of the preceding claims, comprisingone or more polymers chosen from amphoteric or cationic polymers, andalso mixtures thereof, preferably in an amount of between 0.01% and 5%by weight, especially ranging from 0.05% to 3% by weight andpreferentially from 0.1% to 2% by weight, relative to the total weightof the composition.
 16. The composition as claimed in one of thepreceding claims, comprising one or more silicones, which are preferablyliquid, volatile or nonvolatile; preferably in an amount ranging from0.1% to 10% by weight, better still from 0.2% to 5% by weight, relativeto the total weight of the composition.
 17. The composition as claimedin one of the preceding claims, comprising water in a concentrationpreferably ranging from 30% to 98% by weight, especially from 50% to 95%by weight and better still from 60% to 90% by weight, relative to thetotal weight of the composition.
 18. The composition as claimed in oneof the preceding claims, comprising one or more thickeners, which arepreferably nonionic; preferably chosen from optionally oxyalkylenatedfatty alcohols, fatty amides, oxyalkylenated fatty acid esters, andacrylic thickening polymers, and also mixtures thereof.
 19. A cosmetictreatment process, especially for caring for and/or cleansing keratinmaterials, especially the hair, the scalp, bodily skin and/or facialskin, comprising the application to said keratin materials of a cosmeticcomposition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, optionallyfollowed by rinsing, after an optional leave-on time.
 20. A cosmeticprocess for cleansing soiling residues from human keratin materials, inwhich a cosmetic composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 18 isapplied to said keratin materials in the presence of water, it ismassaged to form a foam, and the foam formed and the soiling residuesare then removed by rinsing with water.